Interlaminar failure of laminates implies crack propagation between layers caused by out-of-plane shear stresses $\tau_{xz}$ and $\tau_{yz}$ as well as out-of-plane tensile stress $\varepsilon_z$.
A comprehensive study of interlaminar failure is outside the scope of TMM4170, but a basic outline of the theory is presented in Test methods.
The case study Free edge effects of laminates gives one example of sources for interlaminar failure initiation.
Figure-1 illustrates a simulation of progressive interlaminar failure due to free edge effects for a case where the bonding between two layers is poor.
Figure-1: Interlaminar failure due to edge effects of a [0/90]s laminate